1. clothes, cloth, clothing
clothes统指各种衣服，谓语动词永远是复数
clothing服装的总称，指一件衣服用a piece of, an article of
2. incident, accident
incident指小事件, accident指不幸的事故
He was killed in the accident.
3. amount, number
amount后接不可数名词，
number后接可数名词 a number of students
4. sound, voice, noise
sound自然界各种各样的声音，
noise噪音I hate the loud noise outside.
5. photo, picture, drawing
photo用照相机拍摄的照片，
Let's go and see a good picture.
6. weather, climate
weather一天内具体的天气状况，
The climate here is not good for you.
7. road, street, path, way
road具体的公路，马路，
way道路，途径
take this road; in the street, show me the way to the museum.
8. course, subject
course课程（可包括多门科目），
subject科目（具体的学科）a summer course
9. custom, habit
custom传统风俗，习俗，也可指生活习惯，后接to do，
habit生活习惯，习惯成自然，后接of doing.
I've got the habit of drinking a lot.
10. cause, reason
cause指造成某一事实或现象的直接原因，后接of sth./doing sth，
reason用来解释某种现象或结果的理由，后接for sth./doing sth. the reason for being late
11. exercise, exercises, practice
exercise运动，锻炼（不可数），
practice（反复做的）练习 Practice makes perfect.
12. class, lesson
作"课"解时,两者可以替换.指课文用lesson.
指班级或全体学生用class. lesson 6; class 5
13. speech, talk, lecture
speech指在公共场所所做的经过准备的较正式的演说，
lecture学术性的演讲，讲课 a series of lecture on…
二者均指工作。work不可数，job可数 a good job
15. couple, pair
couple主要指人或动物，
pair多指由两部分组成的东西 a pair of trousers
16. country, nation, state, land
country侧重指版图，疆域，nation指人民，国民，民族，state侧重指政府，政体，land国土，国家
The whole nation was sad at the news.
17. cook, cooker
cook厨师，cooker厨具 He is a good cook.
18. damage, damages
damage不可数名词,损害，损失; damages复数形式,赔偿金 $900 damages
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19. police, policeman
police警察的总称，后接复数谓语动词，policeman指某个具体的警察
The police are questioning everyone in the house.
20. problem, question
problem常和困难连系，前面的动词常为think about, solve, raise，question常和疑问连系，多和ask, answer连用
21. trip, journey, travel
travel是最常用的，trip指短期的旅途，journey指稍长的旅途， a three-day trip
22. sport, game
sport多指户外的游戏或娱乐活动，如打球，游泳，打猎，赛马等；
game指决定胜负的游戏，通常有一套规则 His favorite sport is swimming.
23. price, prize
price价格，prize奖，奖品，奖金
win the first prize The price is high/low.
24. a number of, the number of
a number of许多，谓语动词用复数。
the number of…的数目，谓语动词用单数。
The number of students is increasing.
25. in front of, in the front of
in front of范围外的前面，
In the front of the room sits a boy.
26. for a moment, for the moment
for a moment片刻，一会儿，
Thinking for a moment, he agreed.
27. next year, the next year
next year将来时间状语，the next year过去将来时间状语
He said he would go abroad the next year.
28. more than a year, more than one year
more than a year一年多，more than one year超过一年（两年或三年等）
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29. take advice, take the(one's) advice
take advice征求意见，take the advice接受忠告
He refused to take the advice and failed again.
30. take air, take the air
take air传播，走漏，take the air到户外去，散步
31. in a word, in words
in a word总之，一句话，
in words口头上 In a word, you are right.
32. in place of, in the place of
in place of代替，in the place of在…地方
A new building is built in the place of the old one.
33. in secret, in the secret
in secret秘密地，暗自地，偷偷地，一般用作状语；in the secret知道内情，知道秘密，一般用作表语 My mother was in the secret from the beginning.
34. go to sea, by sea, by the sea
35. the doctor and teacher, the doctor and the teacher
the doctor and teacher指一个人，既是医生又是老师，
the doctor and the teacher两个人，一个医生和一个老师
the doctor and teacher is
36. in office, in the office
in office在职的，in the office在办公室里He is in office, not out ofoffice.
in bed卧在床上，on the bed在床上The book is on the bed. Heis ill in bed.
38. in charge of, in the charge of
in charge of管理，负责照料，in the charge of由……照料
He is in charge of thematter.
The matter is in the charge of her.
39. in class, in the class
in class在课上，in the class在班级里
He is the best student inthe class.
Put the food on the fire.
41. out of question, out of the question
out of question毫无疑问的，out of the question不可能的
a second又一，再一，the second第……
I lost my pen. I have to buy a new one.
that指代上文所提到的，this导出下文所要说的
45. none, nothing, no one
none强调有多少，nothing, no one强调有没有，nothing指物，no one指人--- How many…/How much…?
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anyone指人，不能接of，any one指人物均可，可接of any one of you
What is your dad? He is a teacher.
what的选择基础是无限制的，which在一定范围内进行选择
Which do you prefer, bananas or apples?
49. not a little, not a bit
not a little非常，not a bit一点也不I'm not a bit tired.我一点儿也不累。
50. by oneself, for oneself, to oneself, of oneself
by oneself单独的，独自的，for oneself为自己，to oneself供自己用的，of oneself自行的，自动的
The door opened of itself.
high具体的高，highly抽象的高，高度的think highly of
healthy健康的，健壮的，healthful有益于健康的healthful exercise
53. sleeping, asleep, sleepy
sleeping正在睡觉，asleep睡着，熟睡，只能做表语，
sleepy困的，有睡意的asleeping baby
The baby is asleep. I'm sleepy.
gold指真金制品，golden指金色的，但金鱼用gold fish a gold ring
most用于表感受的肯定句中，相当于very，当大部分，大多数解时是形容词或名词，mostly大部分,是副词most people, the people are mostly…
real真的，真实的，指的是事实上存在而不是想象的，true真的，真正的，指的是事实和实际情况相符合real gold, a true story
57. respectful, respectable
respectful尊敬，有礼貌，respectable可敬的，值得尊敬的be respectful to the aged
58. pleasant, pleased, pleasing
pleasant常用作定语，pleased, pleasing常用作表语，
pleased主语常为人，pleasing主语常为物
a pleasant trip The trip ispleasing.
59. understanding, understandable
understanding明白事理的，能体谅的，understandable可理解的，能够懂的
an understanding girl, an understandable mistake
close接近，靠近，closely紧紧地，紧密地closely connected, standclose
ill做表语，sick定，表均可a sick boy
good形容词，well副词，但指身体状况是形容词He is well again.
quiet安静的，可以发出小的声音，silent不发出声音，但可以动，still完全不动，完全无声响He stand there still.他站在那儿，一动不动，也不说话。
able与不定式to do连用，capable有能力的常与of连用
He is capable of cooking…
二者均为"几乎,差不多"和否定词连用almost almost nobody
late迟，晚，lately最近，近来 还可以做形容词，最新的
I haven't seen him lately(recently).
67. living, alive, live, lively
living, alive, live均为活着的，living定表均可，alive定表均可，定语后置，live只能做定语，lively意为活泼的all the living people=all the people alive
deep具体的深，deeply抽象的深，深深地deeply moved, dig deep
二者均为值得，worth后接doing，worthy后接to be done, of being done
It is worth visiting. = It's worthy to be visited. = It's worthy of being visited.
happy高兴，幸福，定表均可，glad高兴，只能做表语a happy girl
instead是副词，放在句首或句末，instead of是介词短语，放在句中
He didn't see a film.Instead he watched TV.
He watched TV instead of seeing a film.
The sun rises in the east.
73. bring, take, carry, fetch
bring拿来，take带走，carry随身携带，fetch去回这一往返动作
74. join, join in, take part in
join加入某个组织，并成为其中的一员；join in参加小型的活动, join sb. in；take part in参加大型的活动
He joined the army fiveyears ago.
learn学习，侧重学习的结果，study学习，侧重学习的过程，研究
want打算，想要，want to do, want sb. to do,hope希望（通常可以实现），hope to do/ hope that…
wish希望（通常不能实现）wish (sb.) todo, wish sb/sth. + n. I wish you success.
77. discover, invent, find out
discover发现本来存在但不为人所知的东西，invent发明本来不存在的物体，find out发现，查明At last he found out the truth
leave离开，leave for前往He left Beijing for Shanghai.
rob抢劫rob sb. of sth.，steal偷steal sth. from sb.
search后接地点，search for后接东西He searched his pocket for money
win后接sth.，反义词为lose, beat后接sb. win the game, beat them
live on以…为主食，live by靠…谋生live on fish/ live by fishing
beat连续性地击打；hit打中，对准打；strike打一下或若干下
84. be tired of, be tiredwith/from
be tired of厌烦…，be tired with/from因为…而累了be tired with/from running 800 meters
care about关心，计较，在乎，一般多用于否定句中；care for关心，照料，喜欢，愿意He doesn't care about his clothes. I don't care formovies.
86. catch a cold, have a cold
catch a cold不能和表示"一段时间"的状语连用，而have a cold可以
She has had a cold for a week.
87. change for, change into
change for调换成，change into变成
Changethe shirt for a bigger one. Water changes into ice.
二者均为持续，continue主动，被动均可，last只能用主动
The warcontinued/lasted five years. The story is to be continued.
feed喂养，养活，饲养(to give food to)，
raise饲养，养育(cause to grow, bring up children) raise the family
insist on坚持要求，后常接doing, stick to坚持,后常接sth. stick to the plan
92. mean to do, mean doing
mean to do打算，想要做某事，mean doing意思是，意味着
By this I mean giving thestudents more practice.
die from表示死于（枪）伤，虚弱，过度劳累，饮食过度等，die of表示死于疾病，饥饿，寒冷，年老，忧愁，失恋等精神因素die of hunger and cold
94. pay for, pay back, pay off
pay for为…付钱，pay back还钱，但不一定还清，
payoff还清payfor the book, pay off the debt(债务)
grow使某种植物在某地生长着或使其发展下去，plant移植，移栽已经长成秧苗的植物plant the trees, trees are growing
manage to do设法做成了某事，try to do尽力去做某事但不一定成功
He tried to pass the exam, but he failed.
choose凭个人的判断力进行选择，select有目的地仔细认真地选择
98. build, put up, set up, found
build一般用语，建成，put up临时搭建，set up建成（内部的设施基本齐全），
found国家或组织的建成putup a tent, set up a school
99. be familiar to, be familiar with
be familiar to某物对某人来说是熟悉的，be familiar with某人熟悉某物
Thebook is familiar to me. I'm familiar with the book.
receive收到某一东西，但不一定接受，accept接受I received a gift, but I didn't accept it.
wear和dress表状态,wear接衣服等,可用进行时，dress接人,be dressed in, put on表动作
It's coldoutside. Put on your warm clothes.
listen强调动作，hear强调结果I listened, but I heard nothing.
look看的动作，see看的结果，watch强调所看物体的变化、移动和发展watch TV
lie躺，位于(lay, lain),说谎(lied, lied)，lay平放(laid, laid) lay the book
work as工作是…，act as充当某种职务或身份，或扮演某种角色
He works as a teacher. He acts as an interpreter.
hurt感情上受伤，injure事故中受伤，wound战争中受伤
He was wounded in the war.
turn表突变，后常接表颜色的词，get强调变的结果，grow强调过程，逐渐的变化turn yellow, get tired, grow big
108. close, shut, turn off
close和shut当关解时可以通用，用于可开合的物体，
turn off用于指有开关的物体Close/Shut the door. Turn off the TV.
109. set out, set about, set off
指出发，着手时，set out后接to do，set about后接doing, set off后接for sp.
at work在工作，在上班，in work有职业，有工作
Both my parents are at work. They are not at home.
111. increase to, increase by
increase to增长到…，increase by增长了…The number increased by 2,000 to 5,000.
112. day after day, day by day
day after day日复一日（无变化）；day by day一天天地（有变化）
Trees grow taller day by day.
after接时间点，in接时间段after 7:00, in five minutes
113.either…or…& neither…nor… & not only…but also… & both…and…
[误] Either he or I are right.
[正] Either he or I am right.
前三个连词连接名词、代词等作主语时,谓语动词要与离其最近的主语的单复数一致,both…and…的谓语动词则要用复数
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